Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Sarcoma Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sarcomas are rare cancers with a spectrum of clinical needs and outcomes. We investigated care experiences and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in sarcoma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with appointments during the first two months of the UK lockdown were invited to complete a survey. Questions included views on care modifications, COVID-19 worry and psychosocial impact, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 items. 350 patients completed the survey; median age 58 (16–92) years. Care modifications included telemedicine (74%) and postponement of appointments (34%), scans (34%) or treatment (10%). Most felt the quality of care was not affected (72%), however, social life (87%) and emotional wellbeing (41%) were affected. Worry about COVID-19 infection was moderately high (mean 5.8/10) and significantly related to higher cancer-related worry; associated with lower emotional functioning irrespective of treatment intent. Curative patients (44%) with low resilient coping scores had significantly higher COVID-19 worry. Patients who did not know their treatment intent (22%) had significantly higher COVID-19 worry and insomnia. In summary, care experiences were generally positive; however, cancer-related worry, low resilient coping and uncertainty about treatment intent were associated with COVID-19 worry. These patients may benefit from additional psychological support during the pandemic and beyond.</jats:p

Three cases of bone metastases in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare, but represent the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Tumor resection is the treatment of choice for localized disease. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, sunitinib) are the standard therapy for metastatic or unresectable GISTs. GISTs usually metastasize to the liver and peritoneum. Bone metastases are uncommon. We describe three cases of bone metastases in patients with advanced GISTs: two women (82 and 54 years of age), and one man (62 years of age). Bones metastases involved the spine, pelvis and ribs in one patient, multiple vertebral bodies and pelvis in one, and the spine and iliac wings in the third case. The lesions presented a lytic pattern in all cases. Two patients presented with multiple bone metastases at the time of initial diagnosis and one patient after seven years during the follow-up period. This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of the lesions and may help clinicians to manage bones metastases in GIST patients

The role of mutational analysis of KIT and PDGFRA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a clinical setting

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Most GIST harbor a mutation affecting either the KIT or PDGFRA genes, whereas a small subgroup of tumors is wild type for mutations

Molecular detection of epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal cancer: does it still make sense? (Review)

AIM: The aim of the study was to detect and compare the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) content using different methods, to establish whether the quantitative detection and functional study of EGFr in colorectal cancer, using methods other than immunohistochemistry (IHC), are appropriate. METHOD: Analysis of EGFr by IHC was performed in 230 colorectal cancer patients using monoclonal anti-EGFr. Total and activated EGFr (pY1068) contents were determined in 92 patients and real-time PCR, to determine the level of EGFr messenger RNA, was carried out in 60 patients. RESULTS: There was no association between EGFr IHC groups and the mean total EGFr levels measured using ELISA. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the results of different EGFr detection methods do not correlate with each other. Hence, the real role of EGFr in colorectal cancer remains unsettled. Clinically, the receptor itself does not seem to be important and it would be better to focus on EGFr signalling in downstream pathways

Severe esophagitis in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated with imatinib.

No abstract available

Clinical, radiological and biological features of lung metastases in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (Case reports)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors that most frequently arise in the gastrointestinal tract. The liver and peritoneum are common sites of distant GIST lesions, whereas lung metastases are infrequent, accounting for 7% of all lesions. The clinical significance of these metastases remains unknown. Although lung metastases are relatively rare in the natural history of GIST, they may become more prevalent due to increased patient life expectancy. The present report describes four patients with GIST who had lung metastases. Two were female (54 and 28 years of age), and two were male (64 and 44 years of age). The primary GISTs were localized in the stomach in two patients and in the small intestine in the other two patients. Three patients presented with multiple lung lesions and one presented with one lung lesion. Lung metastases were present at the time of initial diagnosis in one patients, and were observed during the follow-up period in the other three. In this report we detail the clinical presentation and radiological features of the lung lesions as observed by computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography/ positron emission tomography (CT/PET). We describe each patient's clinical history and treatment which included surgery and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and sunitinib, and the novel therapy, nilotinib. Moreover, we discuss some biological aspects of this relatively rare occurrence and the resulting clinical implications. These findings may help clinicians to manage lung metastases arising from GISTs in future

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression in wild-type GISTs: a potential novel therapeutic target.

Aberrations of the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) system have been found in association with a variety of cancer types. The potential role of IGF1R has been postulated in a small subset of GISTs, but until now the implications of its aberrations have not been defined. The aim of the study was to examine the IGF1R status in patients with gastric GIST in regard to KIT and PDGFRA genotype. Fresh resection specimens were collected from 8 primary tumours [2 wild-type (WT) and 6 mutant cases]. IGF1R was studied as gene expression profiling with Affymetrix GeneChip HG-U133Plus 2.0 arrays and as genomic copy number with SNP array analysis Affymetrix Genome Wide Human SNP 6.0 arrays, and at protein level with western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The unsupervised analysis of gene expression profiling of our patients merged with a data set from gastric GISTs identified 2 patients out of 8 with different expression of IGF1R. The data were confirmed by WB and IHC. In particular, IGF1R was upregulated in 2 young patients (&lt;30-years old), who had both WT disease and metastases at diagnosis. The SNP array analysis showed that none of the tumours had IGF1R amplification. GISTs are characterized by abnormalities of the KIT and PDGFRA receptors that affect prognosis and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Both young adult with WT GIST had the over-expression of IGF1R at mRNA and protein level. These results further confirm the hypothesis that IGF1R may be a potential therapeutic target in GISTs lacking KIT and PDGFRA mutation

SDHA and SDHB mutations in KIT/PDGFRA WT gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Background: KIT/PDGFRA wild-type (WT) GISTs harbour mutations on SDHB and SDHC and, more recently, we described mutations on SDHA using massively parallel sequencing approach. We sequenced SDHA and SDHB genes in a larger series in order to validate the data. Methods: SDHA gene (1-15 exons) and SDHB gene (1-8 exons) (even not all exons in all samples) were sequenced on tumor (T) and/or peripheral blood (PB) of WT GIST patients by Sanger Sequencing method. DNA was extracted from tumor specimens by the QIAmp DNA Mini kit (Qiagen, Milan, Italy) and amplified with specific primer pairs designed to amplify exons but not SDHA pseudo-genes located on chromosomes 3 and 5. Then, PCR products were purified with the Qiaquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, Milan, Italy) and sequenced on both strands using the Big Dye Terminator v1.1 Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems). Sanger sequencing was performed on ABI 3730 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Results: SDHA gene exons were sequenced on a total of 27 WT GIST patients, in particular on T, PB and both from 12, 6 and 9 patients respectively. SDHB gene exons were sequenced on a total of 18 out of 27 patients, in particular on T, PB and both from 7, 8 and 3 patients respectively. 8 SDHA mutations were found in 5 samples (18.5%). Besides those previously identified, 5 new SDHA mutations were found in other 3 samples: one sample harboured R171C and R589Q heterozygous missense mutation in exons 5 and 13 respectively. The other one harboured G419R and E564K heterozygous missense mutations in exons 9 and 13 respectively. The third sample harboured a delCAG immediately upstream of exon 5, in heterozygosis on PB and in homozygosis on T. A SDHB heterozygous mutation (301delT) in exon 4 was found on 1 PB sample. Conclusions: the presence of SDHA mutations has been confirmed in a subgroup of WT GIST patients. All subunits of SDH complex should be sequenced on WT GIST patients in order to explore the frequency and any linkage between each other and the pathogenetic and clinical significance

Late recurrences of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) after 5 years of follow-up

In practice, relapses of gastrointestinal stromal tumours after long time of surgical resection occur. However, few published data are available for duration, intensity and imaging sources of follow-up in radically excised patients with localized disease. Therefore, every single institution chooses the surveillance schedule according to its experience. The aim of this study was to describe the late recurrences of disease 5 years after the primary tumour's excision in a series of patients with recurrent GIST from our institution. We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients with "recurrent" GIST, collected since 2001. Ten patients were always followed at our institution, and 32 patients came to our attention at the time of recurrence. The analysed series were divided into two groups: patients who developed recurrence before 5 years and patients who developed recurrence 5 years after the primary tumour's excision. Among 42 patients, 36 patients developed the recurrence within 5 years of the primary tumour excision, whereas 6 patients developed the recurrence 5 years after primary tumour excision diagnosed during follow-up or casually for other reasons. All patients had distant recurrence, involving liver and peritoneum, whereas no local relapse was observed. These patients were heterogeneous in primary tumour site, risk classification and molecular analysis. Duration of the follow-up for radically excised patients with GIST remains still unsettled; however, the integration of every clinical, pathological and molecular parameter is essential to optimize the duration and intensity of the follow-up for each single patient